Tuesday, 17 November 2020

Why Teach English : Different Perspectives of Pre Service Teachers

 Application:We teach it as English is the language that is commonly used in India, apart from the regional languages.

Lateral - Knowing to speak, read and write good English boosts our confidence.

General - You can learn a language that will help you move around different countries and communicate well.


A- To express thoughts, Common language for translation of other languages

L- Problem solving, Analysis, Meta cognition 

G- Clarity, Gestures- Body language, Loudness


Application - to communicate 

Lateral - understanding a different culture 

General - being able to connect with people effectively


Application - to understand different cultures

Lateral - Critical thinking to understand the themes in the text

General - to communicate effectively


A- To put thoughts into words, Translation, Play with words

L- Analysis, Think Critically, 

G- Communication, Travel


Application: English is a subject as well as a language. Being a universal accepted one,  it helps to bridge the language gap between people. 

Lateral: it helps to improve communication skills,  interpersonal skills, and creativity.

General:  English as a subject helps you to understand different aspects of life through works of art.


* Application - English is used in day to day life through LSRW so its very important for each individual to learn this language.

*Lateral - Develops self confidence,able to critically analyse and write our thiughts

*General - To be able to navigate and explore the world with the help of this common language in almost every place.


Application

Since english is a common language not only in India but other countries also, it is required to communicate, express and understand what others are saying

Lateral

Help us know about different cultures and traditions through reading. 

General

Gain confidence


Application: communication, creativity

Lateral : cultural understanding, make sense of the world through works of literature. 

General: helps in reading habit, aesthetic sense and beaty of literature.


Application: participate in discussion, improve our networking skills

Lateral: English crosses culture, countries and industry

General: communication, acquire basic language skills listening, speaking and reading


Application - to explore new ways the language is communicated across cultures 

Lateral - understanding how language differed through  culture 

General - being able to connect with people from other parts


Application: increase educational and job opportunities, improve networking and social skills, able to communicate globally

Lateral: develop creativity and cultural understanding 

General: increase chances of getting job nationally and globally, more access to technologies and materials, able to communicate worldwide.


Application: communication, creativity and imagination

Lateral: Cultural understanding, improves 

General: easy connect with people


Application - Language of international communication

Lateral - Cultural understanding, helps to improve communication skills 

General - Helps to communicate effectively


Application-  explore new cultures and the language spoken

Lateral- critical thinking, what makes culture different from language.

General - communication connects the people



Application: helps in translation. 

Lateral: makes us analyse. 

General: global communicative language.


Why Teach Science : Perspectives of Pre Service Teachers

 Physics 

P1

Application - 

Physics can help us understand the causes for the phenomena happening around us. 

It can help us disprove the myths, misconceptions and superstitious prevalent in the society

Can make us efficient in daily life. 

Lateral - Physics can help us improve critical thinking skill, experiential learning, logic and problem solving skills.

General - Physics can teach people to use their common sense.

P2

Application: it helps students to investigate, also helps to appreciate our universe. 

Lateral: to be mindful of creating new innovations, creativity in making up new experiments. 

General: to be able to lead the world in future.

P3

1. Involves building student confidence in the ability to solve problems, empowering them to build a better future for themselves.

2. Critical thinking, creativity.

3. To have a disciplined life.

Chemistry

1. To know about the chemical changes that occurring in our daily lives.

2.  Practical skills, handel emergencies.

3. Deal with problem solving

 Biology

P1

Application: 

1. Nutrition

2. Cooking

3. Fitness

4. Cosmetics

5. Removing superstition

6. Understanding some natural happening like rain, decomposition etc 

Lateral:

1. Logical skills

2. Thinking skills

3. Problem solving skills

4. Language skills

5. A sense of wonder

P2

Application - Understand living and non living things around us and how they interact among themselves 

Lateral - know more about our own body parts their functions and how to stay healthy, science behind all the bodily functions, hand and eye coordination in doing diagrams and lab work

General - the relationship between the biotic and abiotic things of nature and how does this help in existence of human beings

P3

Application- understanding the structure and functioning of the ecosystem, living things around us, their relationship, better health care and medicine

Lateral- Promotes curiosity, spatial memory, critical thinking

General- appreciation of nature, conservation of nature

P4

Application-understanding our body parts and their function and understanding the ecosystem around us. 

Lateral- better understanding of the diseases and their diagnosis. Nutrition needed for the body. Laboratory experiments. 

General-better understanding of our environment.

P5

Application - Understand the world we live in and the resources we share with others 

Lateral - hand- eye coordination in doing diagrams, learn why things exist the way they are, know more about our own body and selves

General - learn how to coexist,

P7

General- we learn about how organisms survive and change-evolution, one can learn about life and about how our bodies work. 

Lateral- develops curiosity, reasoning, scientific approach, critical thinking etc

Application- scope for higher studies, by studying living systems, medicines can be developed for treatment. it's all about survival.

P8- application- to know you world better and the importance of Nature. Lateral-thinking skills. General-helping nature.to understand the world is not only meant for humans.

P9:Application-  biology has application in our daily life routines like the food we eat, how our body function. Also it has application in  medicines, agriculture ect.

Lateral- biology can help in reasoning and critical thinking

General- we learn how every living and non living things are interdependent.

P10

We teach biology as the essential part. To get to know hiw internal and external organs function.

Evolution if man. We can get to know the roots from where human beings evolved.

2. Lateral: Develop creatical thinking. Reasoning with facts. Systematic and scientific approach.

3. Application: scope of inventing new things like in the field of medicine. Getting into research. Etc. It will help human beings to value the life we are living and to take care of our body with utmost care. Because biology is life and life is biology.


Why Teach History : Different Perspective of Pre Service Teachers

P0

*Application* 
1.Love for Culture and Tradition 
2.Clarity about Fiction and Facts
3.Effectiveness of Decision Making
*Lateral Skills*
1. Critical Thinking 
2. Reasoning Capacity
3. Enquiry Based Learning ( Archeological Excavation)
*General *
1. Lesson for life 
2. Importance of Values 
3. Character Building 
4. Love for Cultural Heritage 
5. Valuing  antique things

P1

1.Learn from the mistakes in the past example Mesopotamian civilization ended due to ruined soil from fertilization, this will help think about today's agricultural practice. 

2. Inspiration to create a name for oneself and to be History.
3. To understand that life goes on. No matter what.

P2
1.we dint see what happen earlier.we can read what was happen earlier
2.we can learn many things from that and we are following some of the practices from That.
3. We can find the proof even now that history is still alive.

P3
In order to instill national feelings in the students 
Promote international understanding 
Develop critical  thinking ,problem solving , decision making and metacognitive skills 
To instill bravery ,truthfulness ,moral values
P4
1. To know the past
2. Critical thinking
3. Discipline
P5
1. To solve the problems in real life without any harm to others 
2. Logical thinking 
3. To be a better citizen

P6
1. It gives you the identity - Who you are 
2. Develops critical thinking 
3 . We learn from the past


P7
Application: History opens our eyes to the truth and so we no longer remain foolish and ignorant.
Lateral: Holistic learning, Logical thinking.
General: It enables us to avoid failure as we have seen from the lives of the past and correct it in future.

P8: History is the replica of our future world. For example, Chanakya wrote Arthasastra which can be applicable for todays economy. Lateral : This discipline provoke us to think critically and give us the opportunity for reasoning. General : By this

P9: Studying history improves our decision making and judgment.
History helps us understand change and societal development.
It enables us how to learn from the mistakes of others.

P10
*1)* *Application:* To understand the origin of a society's culture. For example, the reasons behind some rituals in India and to abolish them if they are not relevant in the current scenario.
*2)* *Lateral:* To develop analytical skills by studying chronology of events originating from a source. This can help in understanding the psycho-social factors of humans existing in a particular time period that made them bring changes in the societal set-up.
*3)* *General:* To appreciate what we have received as material and non-material assets from our ancestors.

P11 : History is the replica of our future world. For example, Chanakya wrote Arthasastra which can be applicable for todays economy. Lateral : This discipline provoke us to think critically and give us the opportunity for reasoning. General : By this subject, we can develop our reading habit, story telling skill and aesthetic sense for art and sculpture.



Ideas for Teacher : Set C8

 

Image Credit: Srilakshmi Ramesh

Robert Gagne’s Nine Events of Instructions - by Srilakshmi Ramesh
The best and interesting way to deliver the content to your learner is Gagne’s Nine events of instructions. . Robert Gagne’s nine event of instructions is an effective and efficient way to design meaningful and engaging instructions. This series of events is associated with the optimum mental conditions for learning so it can guarantee that the content delivered is efficient and help learner learn better. The nine events can be divided in 3 segments Preparation, Instruction and practice & Assessment and transfer. The preparation phase helps us with gaining the audience’s attention and informing the objective of the content we transact and help them recall the prior knowledge. The second phase of instruction is the actual phase where the prepared content is delivered and we help the learner by guiding them in the learning process. How to learn is a important step and Gagne’s event give importance to that step. The final stage is the assessment and retention. In this step learner is encouraged to apply their learning to real life and is assessed using various methods to understand the level of learning. The final step is equivalent to Create in Blooms ‘s taxonomy where the learner uses their skills to create something new and apply it in real life scenario. The best thing about the Nine instructions is that it can an be used to engage and teach any type of learner irrespective of age and experience

*Experiential learning by Kavya R* 

Experiential learning is when we learn from our own experiences. David Kolb, American Psychologist, and Educational theorist, gave the theory of experiential learning. The four elements of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model are concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. The main aim of experiential learning pedagogy is to develop the knowledge and skills of learning through experience. Field trips are an excellent example of experiential learning. It provides a hands-on learning experience where the students are active members in the learning process. Field trips present the students with the qualitative and affective learning experience that pushes them to think deeply, understand, and reflect. During these trips, the students get an opportunity to learn new things at their own pace by making connections. The students learn to apply the knowledge that they have gained through the first-hand experience in a new context. Experiential learning pedagogy keeps the students engaged throughout the learning process, and this makes them develop a passion for the subject and enjoy what they learn.

*CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT _1931743_SUSHMITA GOGOI* 
Classroom management is the process of organizing the resources, the students and the classroom space in such a way so as to produce a conducive learning environment. A teacher has a major role to play as an instructional leader corresponding to the social, intellectual and physical environment of a classroom. A well-managed classroom has certain key elements which are as under:
Reduction in the waste of time and energy
Creation of a positive and pleasant learning space
Implementation of strategies which would help in holistic growth of students as responsible individuals rather than applying the old traditional ways that try to control their behavior  
Choosing the right instructional strategies to cater to the needs of every child. This helps in building a close rapport between the teacher and his or her students which in turn assists in reducing the exhibition of behavioral problems by students

*Teacher as a motivator* -Meenu George 

        Teachers not only work in the classroom as a student assistant, but also as a buddy who can provide 
their students with inspiration. The teachers should be a facilitator, motivator, and motivation for 
students focused on Student Oriented Learning that can develop the imagination and understanding 
of the student. Motivation in teaching is an essential process of effective teaching. We have to 
understand the need of motivation. Inspiration and guidance in classroom teaching to make the 
teaching more effective. Motivation is a very strong factor for the educators to educate the people. 
If the motivation is powerful and strong, the rest of process will be easy and comfortable. Students 
affect from the different factors. They attracts by different things. If they find anything attractive 
and useful, they pay a proper attention but if they feel anything useless they get tired and bored. 
So a proper motivation moves them to grasp the lesson carefully and seriously.
The cornerstone of the nation is called the teacher. The teachers are like a model for the students, 
so their actions have to be the right ones in front of the students, I think the teachers have to be so 
committed to their job because they need to pass on their passion for a better classroom setting, so 
they are like a second parent because we see them a lot of time.

Professional conduct

Professional conduct includes standards behaviour, morals, humanity and ethics. Being professional, it is necessary for the person in order to showcase one’s own identity and standard behaviour. In order to be a good professional conduct one must ensure that they represent themselves well enough in all the aspects, because it is essential to create an impact at our workplace. One must be capable enough to give a certain amount of evidence for any kind of decision. It is also a part of professional conduct that one needs to meet the objectives of their ideas and goals at a workplace.
As it involves various kinds of standard behaviour, content based, presentation and many more. Out of such topics professional attire is one of the most important aspects of being a good professional conduct. These sessions are advised to be conducted, as it will truly help them to feel good about themselves, love themselves and also self- acceptance is very important.

Experiential teaching and learning. by Anju

Experiential learning is designed to actively engage the students. In this process, students reflecting on the concepts and theories, then they create their own understanding. It is a learner focused approach so that the learner get freedom to learn and the teacher becomes more of a facilitator. According to Kolb’s cycle of learning there are four stages concrete experiences, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation, and active experimentation.  Learning by doing creates best platform for deeper learning. Experiential learning focus on the application of knowledge and skills to real world experiences.  There are many ways to apply experiential learning in classroom role plays, storytelling, group discussion and project-based learning are examples. 

The subtle art of applying positive and negative reinforcement in classrooms.
-By Dhanya Monson

Positive and negative reinforcement are terms that are often overlooked but are very essential to imbibe good behavior and values in students. Positive reinforcement can be done in many small ways such as by giving the child extra lunchtime, assigning students with some task that they would love to do, giving them certain responsibilities in class such as assigning them as the monitor for the month, or by simply exempting them from doing their homework. These small tasks can go a long way in making students realize that their effort is appreciated and to encourage appropriate behavior in the classroom. Negative reinforcement need not be such harsh words/acts that may scar the student emotionally and psychologically but can simply be practiced by taking away certain privileges that they enjoy such as cutting short their lunchtime, giving extra homework to be completed, taking away the responsibility assigned to the student, if any or by canceling movie hour in a classroom until students model good behavior. These negative reinforcement techniques can be much more encouraging. Students may not remember the content we taught them but they definitely remember the words that were spoken by us, teachers. Let us respect our students and teach them to be kind, in an unkind and chaotic world.
 

If you dare to teach by Rithin Nair

"Who dares to teach must never cease to learn."

Said cotton to the teachers of the world
Telling all ears that he hearkened
I stand before you
Showing you the ocean that is the world
And ask your eager heart.
"If you dare to teach, what will you teach?! "
A subject?! Maths? language? ,
Perhaps a skill? To fish? To drive?
Or will you guide on how to live?!
To survive? To thrive?

If you still have no answer
I'll ask you another
"If you dare to teach, how will you teach? "
Will you scream? Scrutinise?
Demonify yourself for utmost obedience?
Or will you love? Cherish? And coddle?!
Or will you be one of those who stands on the desk?
Urging their pupils to "look at things from beyond."

If an answer eludes you, my comrade.
I have another
"If you dare to teach, who will you teach? "
The new? The Unmolded? The innocent?!
Or the old? The opinionated? The self-aware?
Or is it those in between who don't know
wether to watch Sunday cartoons
Or fill up their SOP's?!

If you answered all these
Then humour me for a moment
"If you dare to teach, why would you teach?! "
For the pennies, this society pays you?
For the respect that will precede you?
Or because it seems like an easy thing to do?
Like a cup of tea in a winter morning
Smooth, no huss, no fuss
 
What? I was wrong?!
You don't have answers to them?!
Then fret not
For you have already understood your first lesson
That to teach, all you have to do is
Stand!! Stand up for the cause.

They say no cause is greater than the one.
Who stands up for another
A teacher, like a strong springtime wind
Is the air beneath their student’s wings
"You don't just go to a classroom and start teaching."
"You map, you plan, you chart and then start."
Once said a shepherd to their sheep.
"You have to keep learning to teach."
Said the scribe to their kin
"You just have to trust in yourself."
"Learn as you fall and smile as you rise."
Said I, to you
The ones who dared to teach!

Ideas for Teacher : Set C7




*Classroom Culture - Hannah Vipunam* 
Every classroom has its own culture. Classroom culture involves a creative environment where students feel safe and free to involve. The classroom is the space where both teachers and children should feel comfortable; especially, teachers should comfort students to improve their learning. A classroom culture in the 21st century mainly in language classes; it shows the advancement of teaching culture and language through the theoretical construct. This promotes students' engagement in the class, which can help overcome students' past experiences in terms of stereotypes and lack of intercultural awareness. The school children's ability to nurture knowledge depends on the skills acquired with teachers and environment conditions. Even with twins differing in their abilities, it is impossible to predict what rate a child will learn because children enter school with a wide range of abilities and possibilities. However, the assumption that all children can learn at the same pace is incorrect. Here, the learning is meant for academic purposes and their untaught knowledge in terms of cognitive and physical development because these are the most profound learning of all linguistic abilities.

  

Values of life by Bimla, value are the positive teaching provided to help us and tread the right path in life. Every parent wants his child to imbibe these. These can even be referred to us good qualities. A person who imbibes goods values grows on to become a responsible individual and he or she  is capable of demarcating right  and wrong. Also, he or she is able to make wiser  decision in life.

Positive Adhyaapak -Alumno relationship.By Angeline Thomas

Positive teacher-student connections, advance a feeling of school having a place and urge students to take an interest. Students build up the certainty to analyze and prevail in a situation where they are not confined by the dread of disappointment. Teachers can help students with inspiration and goal setting, and students can go to them for guidance and direction.Positive relationships, not only need to be looked at from a peer to peer perspective but a teacher to student perspective, students should be able to know that they can have a positive relationship with their teachers and that the role of a teacher isn't just of a person who will impart subject knowledge to them but of one who will provide guidance and counseling and definitely someone who they can turn to like they would to a friend.Positive relationships of students and teachers must be given more importance as the roots of learning, growing and uplifting never end. They often expand and become more inclusive as time goes by and enhances positive developments on both sides if this relationship.
Motivates a students to think a positive in life. by  Tenzin Dhadul . 

A positive attitude awakens happiness. We don’t have to be rich or achieve goals to be happy. It is matter of attitude, when we adopt a positive frame of mind and we become happy therefore never give up in life, whether we failed. Our life should keeps move forward. Never upset, we always have a second chance to live with happy life. so a positive frame of mind increases our motivation to succeed and get what we want. It will make our believe and will get what we want. It also motivate to achieve more than our expected so be positive always
Formative assessment by Harshitha Jain - 1931723
Formative assessment (FA) is a method to assess the progress of student learning. In order break the monotony of FAs teachers can use various methods, some them are : quizzes, dip stick( Short tasks), art (using music, theatre, dance), interview method ( one on one discussions, group discussions, think pair share) etc. These varied assessments should help invoke the multiple intelligence of students and help teachers create an active environment.
Classical conditioning Theory of learning:by  Vipanchee Gogoi


Classical conditioning theory says that  mental state such as feelings,thoughts, emotions do not explain the human behaviour, it is the  environment shaping the behavior of an individual.
In the class teachers can apply classical conditioning by creating a positive environment to help students overcome anxiety or fear. Pairing an anxiety-provoking situation, such as performing in front of a group, with pleasant surroundings helps the student learn new associations. Instead of feeling anxious and tense in these situations, the child will learn to stay relaxed and calm.
Creative Classroom by Sandhya- 

Being very creative as a teacher is very important in teaching and learning  process. If we see even in blooms taxonomy create /creativity is one of  important level to help in learning process. There are several role models in  world who has contributed in being creative and implemented creativity in  different area, let it be Sir Isaac Newton, Estienne, mathematicians& psychologist etc. 

Creativity is nothing but thinking in different perspective. Making connections  of once thought. And in classroom this is ever much required. Creativity can be  in form of resources or non -form of resources also.  

A teacher has enough of recourses like model, paper craft, newspaper clipping  etc were a teacher can set up a creative classroom. This basically develops  curiosity in leaning.
 Teachers is the only instrument to develop creativity in student  and create a positive classroom. 
 teacher foster student to think in  different angel and try answering different from other student. This helps  student makes connections from different perspective and come to conclusion.
When we as a teacher creative certain environment that develops curiosity ,creativity and research in learning process automatically ,I feel students will  do great contribution to society.

Constructive Learning by Suchaita Saha

Constructive learning is a progressive way of learning which is more effective because the learner learns from their experience, an attempt is made to make learning connected with real-life situation, the learner constructs the meaning of their experience and then act in a meaningful way to bring about changes in the world.

Constructive learning provides the students with opportunities where they not only gain information in the classroom but become capable of comprehending that information, relate it with real experience and apply that knowledge outside the classroom. It presents the students with problem based tasks where the prior skills and knowledge of students are activated, new ones are acquired and their creativity, critical thinking and rational thinking skills are stimulated. It discourages rote learning and encourages original contribution of the students where students work individually as well as in groups and create something new. Constructive learning demands the students to do independent research which makes them accountable for their own learning process. Independent learning is a key for active engagement of the students in the teaching learning process where a love for learning is instilled in them. They learn to integrate their learning into their daily lives thus making their way of livinng more efficient.
*Positive Mindset by Wilson Saldanha*_

Teaching is a profession that requires the practitioners to be open minded and ready to change their mindsets. The teachers need to have an attitude towards students that they can learn new things. In a fixed mindset, most teachers believe that learners’ intelligence and qualities are unchangeable. In stark contrast to it is the growth mindset:  belief that one’s abilities, qualities, and intelligence can be developed. 

In order to achieve positive mindset, a teacher should inherit these skills: a constant thirst for knowledge, experimentation and innovation, asking questions, flexibility, learning technology, a listening attitude, and a reflective personality.

It is very important that we as educators do not get stagnant and stuck in our practice. Just as we teach our students to continuously improve, grow, learn, and change, so must we as educators. Therefore, let us develop a positive mindset as teachers, a mindset that takes us closer to our students.
 
 *Professional development of a physics Teacher* by Sruthi.k 

Teachers need to develop their skills and knowledge continually through professional  development. To perform well in the profession and to maintain excellence, professional  development is irrefutable. In an educational scenario, teachers are facing a lot of challenges  like advances in technology, updating content, increasing the learning needs of the students’  .etc. According to the changing standards, teachers can mold themselves through professional  development. For physics teachers, it is much more challenging since the students have to  master complex knowledge, reasoning process, and skills to achieve scientific literacy.

Professional development of teachers is happening in different ways: it can be with a formal  atmosphere through conferences, seminars, courses, or workshops. There are a lot of informal  opportunities also for the professional development of a teacher, like independent research,  investigation, feedback from the students, and even by the discussions with colleagues in the  staff room.

Ideas for Teachers : Set C6

Image Credit: Theresa

Study Skills - Shalini. B.K
 The topic, I chose was study skills. Study skills are any skills that improve the ability of a person to study, remember, and retrieve knowledge. It is a strategy that is used in order to achieve greater learning efficiency. Study skills can also be referred to as study techniques which help in improving one's learning in a systematic way. Some of the learning strategies that a student should learn are time management, mnemonics, SQ3R method, skimming, and scanning, taking effective notes, group study, and so on. Some of the key points about study skills are like developing a personal approach to study and learning and developing study skills through practice. The role of the teachers in developing these study skills among students is a very important one. As a prospective teacher, I should take more responsibility and inculcate these skills as a habit with my students. Study skills can also be part of my lesson plans, project work, assignments, and group activities. These activities will motivate and encourage the students to participate in extra-curricular activities and exhibit their skills like winning competitions, publishing articles in magazines, newspapers, journals, etc. 
Listening Skill by Sumbul Fatma                                                                                                                                   For improving upon students listening skills these below mentioned tips in teaching will be helpful: Students will listen to the teacher after they feel listened to. Secondly, Noticing how often teachers tend to interrupt with defensiveness, explanations or advice. Thirdly, Listening as though what the student is saying is about him or her. Fourthly, It is okay to ask questions that will invite students to go deeper. Fifthly, Helping students prepare for what they are going to hear as it will give them a greater chance of success in any task. Sixthly, Setting up a reason to listen through activities encourages active listening. Lastly, Generating interest and familiarity on the topic by usage of videos, images and audio clips hence motivating, initiating and sustaining learning within the students. Henceforth, these techniques will enhance listening skills among students.
 TEACHER'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT FIRST AID IN SCHOOLS:
Children's are our future promises for a bright future. So their care is that much important for a  bright tomorrow. First aid services in schools is an important concern for the safety of our children. Emergency situation will occur at any time because students are least concious about their care but teachers should more conscious and always needs to open up their eyes on children. The knowledge about first aid services among teachers is a mandatory precaution to reduce the intensity or impact of accidents and reduce the risk of unintentional injuries after all the proper timely interference ia an important aspect. In USA the reputed schools provide a coursework on first aid services for their teachers before entering into service. They can join as a teacher only after completion of coursework with 50 percent pass mark along with the practical session. Majority of the developed countries are practicing it. In this regard it is important to implement this kind of awareness programmes in every schools in worldwide because our children's are our nation's strength.
 Pygmalion effect- Rintu Tresa 

The effect is a self fulfilling prophecy. It claims that we can achieve what we want in life, by merely believing in ourselves and having a vision. This prophecy is especially important for a teacher because it is very essential that a teacher believes in the capabilities of each student of his/hers in order to truly motivate each of them and help them attain heights.

Inclusive Education by Harshita Pandey

"Inclusion is not Tolerance, It is unquestioned Acceptance".

It is a belief that each and every child has a potential to build upon interests to share and
experiences to be build up. An inclusive environment is where students are comfortable to sit
and share their point of views. All types of learners should be respected and are able to learn
with each other. In a classroom a students should feel that each and every one has the capability to do things. In a classroom it is very important to see that every student is included in all the activities and programmed held in the school. Any students should not be left out. I personally feel Teachers always choose the bright student to take part in the activities. This should not be done there; each and every child has a capability and is unique too.
Being a pre service teacher I feel that it is very important to have a mind - set of inclusivity
classroom and respect each and every student in the classroom. As a teacher I should use the
technology in the classroom catering the student’s needs. As a future teacher I feel that all,
the learners should feel welcomed in the class and develop on their own individual strength. 
“All Students have something important to offer in the classroom and that we really are
better off learning”.

 Learning Styles by Saif Khan
There are basically three types of learning styles (audio, visual, kinesthetic) which should be taken into consideration in a classroom setup. In an Indian classroom, the number of students in proportion to the teachers is very high. It is very important to bridge the gap between the teachers and students, which in a way could be effective if we reflect upon the various learning styles of the learner and develop a common teaching strategy among all, to cater to the needs of a mixed variety of learners and make learning meaningful as well as beautiful for the society at large. The teacher should act as a guide and help students to understand their learning styles, their form of comprehending knowledge and skills to make this process of teaching and learning more easy and interesting.
 Maslow's Hierarchy of needs by Flora Grace P
A famous psychologist named Abraham Maslow created a pyramid into which the needs are broken down. He argued that humans have needs and it should be fulfilled in a particular order.
1. PHYSICAL NEEDS-The base of the pyramid has the Physical needs which is very fundamental to every human being. They are food, water, shelter, sleep and hygiene. 
2. SAFETY NEEDS- This could include safe environment, safety of job , safety of resources and property. As teachers what is our role to make a child feel safe in the classroom especially in conflict areas. It is important to listen to them, acknowledge their thoughts and take measures to protect from bullying, abuse and discrimination.
3. LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS in classroom is where students feel the need to be accepted into strong peer relationships
4.SELF ESTEEM - Students are usually attracted or motivated  towards platforms where they can perform, show off  potentials, feel appreciated and valued for their work.Classroom should be space where students can perform and be appreciated by peers and teachers.
5. SELF ACTUALIZATION is the top most on the pyramid. This is where students realize their capabilities, work towards it and attain mastery over it.
Students are motivated when they appreciate and value the learning experience. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs encourages us teachers to design tasks where all the needs of students are met , so they can achieve to their full potential.

Good Relationship with the students – by  Ngonyi Dukru
Among many other qualities that a teacher must cultivate, a Good relationship with students is very essential. There is a deep human connection and relationship between a teacher and his/her students. As a teacher, both personal and professional relationships with students are very important. Only when there are mutual trust and respect between teachers and students, learning and growth will take place. Respect for students and understanding their perspectives and views help us to develop deeper connections with the students. There should be a balance between being friendly with the students and Discipline. Showing that a teacher is genuinely concerned about the growth of each student will earn the respect of the students. Once we win over their respect and confidence in us, even if we are strict and hard on them, they will obey. Therefore develop a good relationship and earn their respect to be an effective teacher.

 Multiple Intelligence by Donna Lisa Mathew
It is every teachers’ dream to see students running towards school with happy faces and leaving school with a sad face. This is possible when learning is made fun. And one way to make learning fun is understanding Multiple Intelligences.Multiple Intelligences is a theory developed by Howard Gardener who said that human intelligence can be divided into eight modalities which are spatial, naturalistic, musical, logical- mathematical, interpersonal, bodily kinesthetic, linguistic and intrapersonal. Every individual has at least an intelligence which is superior among the 8 intelligences. Every student in the class is unique and has one or more intelligence that is superior for them. A teacher can help his or her students to understand a subject by showing them ways to apply their superior intelligence. For example, there are students in the class who are bodily kinesthetic and you are trying to teach vocabulary, you could ask the students to play the game twister 

 MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE by Theresa da Costa

When we want into a classroom we notice that each class is different and that all the students in the class are unique. Some students may be good at mathematics and some are good at science and others may be able to express themselves in different forms like music, art, sports, or poetry. Harvard Gardner said that each of us are unique and different, that all of us have different capabilities and that our intelligence are shaped by our experiences throughout life. He explained this in his theory of multiple intelligence and proposed nine different intelligences. The nine different intelligence are Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Existential, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal and Naturalist intelligence. Each of us may be good at one intelligence but we have all of it in different levels and this helps us learn and acquire information. We as teachers need to understand that each child is unique and accept that each child has their own form of intelligence. We should also consider the different types of learners in the class and help them use their different abilities while learning.

Ideas for Teachers : Set C5



Professional Development for Mathematics Teacher - Sai Priya C.


Teaching is a profession and therefore like any other profession there is a need for certain amount of development and to see a growth in the field of profession. Present mathematics teachers and future forth coming teachers need to plan their work-life in such a way that they need to be proficient in their pedagogical subject. In this post I am sharing some areas that will help the mathematics teachers to develop their professional skills. Some areas that will help enhance professional skills are as follows: Reading, Group Discussions, Observations, Seeking timely advice and feedbacks, Taking initiatives, Reflect on daily basis, be a continuous learner, Attend Seminars and Workshops, Take memberships with various mathematics clubs and professional bodies.
- After all Sharing is Caring and Sharing will always help in Professional Development -

CONSTRUCTIVISM - Nikita George
 Constructivism is  building of knowledge on the basis of previous experiences. The approach is majorly student centric as when practised in the classroom the student is initiated to brainstorm and connect it to the previous experiences.Constructivism promotes a sense of personal agency as the students can take command over their learning and assessment.

Teacher's competencies - Soumyashree Panda

There at present is a plentiful information base to advise us that in schools teachers assume the basic part in student learning and accomplishment. Exploration uncovers that how teachers educate and these collaborations with students is the foundation around which to construct viable schools. An outline of the accessible investigations collected in the course of recent years on key schooling driver, teacher competencies offers commonsense techniques, practices, and rules to direct teachers in approaches to improve guidance that improves student execution and the nature of the work insight. Four groupings of these competencies can help coordinate and essentially for teachers what they have to dominate to boost their presentation: classroom the executives, instructional conveyance, developmental assessment, and individual competencies. These four classifications likewise give the basic center around which leaders can build teacher readiness, teacher recruiting, teacher advancement, and teacher and school evaluations.

Classroom management strategies - Anusha C.R

Classroom management skills will help a teacher build a favorable atmosphere that will make all students have a sense of belonging to feel free to learn and explore further learning within the boundaries and expectations defined by their collaborated efforts between teacher and students. An effective classroom strategy will help the students understand what is required of them, where students will have to lay down rules, routines, and expectations to control actions when handling conduct in the classroom. With this, the students will know what to do in each situation. Effective implementation of the classroom strategies eliminates class disturbances. Teachers should, therefore, aim to anticipate all the potential disturbances and prepare to handle them. For instance, A teacher might be able to predict talkative students' actions and put in place the ideal steps to handle those actions to receive more time to focus on their classroom tasks rather than constantly talking and disturbing the class. If this strategy is taken into consideration, it will increase the time students spend on lesson activities in the classroom, rather than blaming their peer's disruptive behavior.

 POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT-By Debasmita Ghosh

Behavioural Psychology states that reinforcement is a consequence which when applied, strengthens an individual’s future behaviour whenever that behaviour is preceded by an antecedent stimulus. This relates with the operant conditioning theory of B.F Skinner. One of the types of reinforcement which is important for a future teacher to practice in school is positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement increases the chances of a particular behaviour when the ‘reward’ is given to an individual. The ‘rewarding stimuli’ is associated with ‘wanting’ and ‘liking’- (pleasure or desire) and appetitive behaviour acts as positive reinforcers. Eg: When a teacher praises a student after a classroom presentation as ‘“Excellent” and gives him a chocolate, in front of the entire class. This enables the student to perform better in future. As a future teacher, it is important for us to practice positive reinforcement inside the classroom, as it encourages the students to perform better and motivates them to achieve their desired goals. They feel that the teacher loves, supports, encourages them and they feel as a part of their class and not as left outs. It is we, as teachers- who can teach the students about good and bad habits and can also change their behaviour if they misbehave, thereby, shaping their own personality. Therefore, it helps the students to learn a new behaviour.

 STUDENT-TEACHER RELATIONSHIP -Haritha Babu
Having a strong student-teacher relationship enhances the student and teacher interest. It can solve possibly all the problems that the educations institutions face today, like- Attendance issues, absenteeism, drop outs, Toxic behaviour, relationships, life habits, etc. Having a teacher with whom the students can share all their views and problems- both academic and personal can help increase not only the liking towards the teacher, but also towards the subject. It will enhance the academic achievement of the students. Not only does the students benefit from it, but also teachers. Once they know that they have built a good rapport with their students, they will have a yearning to teach the students better and be better prepared for the class. On the whole, a strong and positive student-teacher relationship can be beneficial to all the stake holders of education. A good student-teacher relationship can be developed by simple means like, remembering the student’s names, finding extra time to converse with them, getting to know them personally and academically, etc. Anything above a certain limit can be dangerous and so is a student-teacher relationship. Both the teacher and the students need to know where to put a full stop and maintain a distance. Getting into the teacher’s or the student’s personal life to an extreme level can be dangerous. Thus, a balanced relationship has to be maintained and made use of.

 VALUE OF HOME ASSIGNMENT : Ashna Maria Antony 
“Homework” a word that brings multiple emotions in students. Some enjoy doing homework, some frustrated, many annoyed, and the rest excited.  But have you ever wondered about the value of homework? I feel the whole purpose of homework is to teach a student self-discipline, improving cognitive skills, inculcating problem-solving skills, and learning to be more organized. Other than that it also prepares a student for professional careers, develops work ethics at an early age, enhances confidence, builds up responsibility in individuals, and most importantly helps the student to self-evaluate themselves. What is important to know is how much homework is too much. According to the general thumb rule, each grade level requires ten minutes of homework and increases with the grade for example for a third-grader thirty minutes homework is apt. The role of teachers lies in giving age-appropriate homework wherein the students can do their homework independently with minimum help if needed and they look towards getting more home assignments rather than getting annoyed when assigned a homework. It is not only the role of the teacher but also parents who play an important role in students’ academic achievement. They should take part in their student’s work and keep a check on their performance and appreciate it if performed well and help to improve if not. The three together that are the student, teacher, and parents help in building the student and also the institution they are part of, thus making them important contributors to society.

DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION BY SANCHALITA MULLICK
Differentiation means tailoring instruction to meet individual needs. Whether teachers differentiate content, process, products, or the learning environment, the use of ongoing assessment and flexible grouping makes this a successful approach to instruction.
At its most basic level, differentiation consists of the efforts of teachers to respond to variance among learners in the classroom. Whenever a teacher reaches out to an individual or small group to vary his or her teaching in order to create the best learning experience possible, that teacher is differentiating instruction.

Teachers can differentiate at least four classroom elements based on student readiness, interest, or learning profile:

Content – what the student needs to learn or how the student will get access to the information;
Process – activities in which the student engages in order to make sense of or master the content;
Products – culminating projects that ask the student to rehearse, apply, and extend what he or she has learned in a unit; and
Learning environment – the way the classroom works and feels.

CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT SKILLS- Aswathy Maria Saju 
Back to school time each of us have witnessed to be a part of noisy  classroom, and the teacher in charge rushing to the classroom and scolding us as well as punishing  the entire class. This is the common scenario that happens during the school time. But have you ever thought the reason for why the teacher march to the class with a cane and scold us? The is answer is to manage the classroom. All that is required is the skill called as Classroom management skills. One looks back with appreciation to the brilliant teachers, but with gratitude to those who touched our human feelings. Classroom management skills include all the skills and techniques  used by the teacher to keep the students disciplined, attentive, organized, obedient, attentive and  more over to be academically fruitful during the class. This is vital as it paves a way for the teacher to execute the curriculum development and contribute to the students learning process.

 Addie Model by Nandini D P

Addie Model is one of the generic instructional design used to create instructional course materials by teachers for their traditional, online and even blended learning instructions. It provides an organized process for designing a new program with clear learning objectives, structed content, by integrated activities and media, and assessment to deliver the desired learning outcome for creating effective training and support tools. Analysis, Design, Development, Implement and Evaluation are the phases which sometimes overlap and can be interrelated for building effective curriculum. The model is iterative basis where evaluation phases contributes to re-analysis and further modification of design and development phases.

Ideas for Teachers :: Set C4

 


Image Credit: Aleena

Collaborative Learning by Nazia Tarannum


Collaborative Learning is a popular teaching and learning strategy widely used by teachers across the world  to enhance learning of students.It has its  origin in Social Constructivism theory of Lev Vygotsky.

It focusses on student learning by interacting with peers and doing tasks in group in anon time,however it is not in isolation from  the teacher ,but teacher acts as a facilitator and ensures that the discussion is on the right track thus avoiding any distarctions which might hamper the learning of the students .

Collaborative learning is expedient to both the teachers and learners as it engages the students and ensures that all silent spectators become active participants in the class. Collaborative learning helps in development of social skills ,commuication skills  and self managment skills .It also probes critical thinking and creative thinking in students which enables them to be a good team player by contributing to their group .


Constructivism by Anthony Kenneth

Jean Piaget is widely recognized as the founding father of Constructivism. He was a Swizz psychologist, and was known for his work on child development. Constructivism is ‘an approach to learning that holds that people actively construct or make their own knowledge and that reality is determined by the experiences of the learner’

In the constructivism process of learning the approach is active, learners are expected to learn via, active engagement like experiential, problem

solving. Learners are given the freedom to explore, learn and construct knowledge by

themselves, they tend to retain this knowledge for longer.


 Stress management by Jyothi Kanithe

No one on earth can say that he or she is not stressed in life. All of us go through this process of experiencing stress in our lives, may be at different levels and at different situations. If we are aware of what we are going through and accept it then I must say, we can overcome stress very well by taking various initiatives. Let’s discuss some of the exercises that would help us to maintain a calm and serene atmosphere. One thing that strikes me to be is to stay calm, composed, and positive in life, this would certainly help me to progress and focus in life. One thing we need to be aware of is to accept and be aware that we are not Gods and we can expect all things to happen as we wish, things will happen as God wishes. 

We often fail to recognize the genuine feelings that we go through within. We need to learn to adopt new techniques and methods to do some of the exercise to keep ourselves fit and healthy. We can be free of stress when we have a systematic way of life. We always focus on success and accomplishments and often forget to remember that we also need to enjoy life along with success. We also need to set a time for our loved ones and beloved home people. Timely support, open sharing with a friend, creatively engaging oneself with an activities, learn to say yes to positive things and say no to non-life giving things, and above all love and enjoy in whatever you do. If we do all these mentioned requirements then we all can live a life of free stress.


Topic: 21st century skills: (4C’s) by  Pavan Kumar S

The influence of new technologies has changed the way we live. The 21st century skills are necessary to teach and learn, the four C’s are often considered to be most important. These skills are also called learning skills. These skills are needed to build a career. Critical thinking: how often do you think?  Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly, understanding the logical connections between ideas, engages in reflective and independent thinking. It includes reasoning, questioning, arguments and finding the way to solve and analyze the problems. It’s always good to think out of the box. Creativity: how creative you are? Do you follow the same what others do or you do in our own way? Creativity empowers to see concepts in a different light which leads to innovation. You have to understand that “the way things have always been done has to change someday”.  Collaboration: I always feel solving a mathematical problem on my own is a difficult task. Whenever I go to my teacher, she used to call one of my friends and tell him to help me. Collaborate. Collaboration means getting students to work together, and to get the best way to solve the problem, and to know the perspectives and ideas from others. Communication: everyday to speak to other either face to face or through digital device.  In the learning process, effective communication is the tool to bring the all educational qualities together. It’s crucial for students to learn how to effectively convey ideas among different personality’s types of peer groups.


Storytelling   by SANDAR AUNG

             Storytelling is a tried and tested method to effectively communicate messages. Stories capture the attention of the listeners’ effort Lesly. A teacher can communicate important lessons just by narrating a story. Students will become so engrossed with the fate of the characters in the story that the session will be interactive and lively. Lessons learn through stories are not forgetter long after one student date one’s student days are passed. That is why stories such as Ramayana, Mahabharata, Aladdin, and the magic lamp, Fairy, tales, and these are eternal classics.

Stories engage the attention of the old and the young alike. That is why, Hariatha and Upanyasas are still popular among the elderly, for children. When stories are illustrated graphically learning is quick and is imprinted in memory forever. A dramatization in class can also involve students’ active participation. Storytelling can take several forms whichever be the form involving the students in active participation and discussion will yield rich reward. Through the five senses all the information is collected and recorded. The mind takes it as and when needed and thus confidence is built.


Differentiated instruction by Shramana Bhattacharjee

Differentiated instruction means teaching the same material using a variety of teaching strategies to all the students, alternatively it may also require the teachers to deliver lessons based on each student's ability at varying levels of difficulty.

The beginnings of divided education go all the way back to the days of the one-room schoolhouse, where in one classroom; one teacher had students of all ages. As the schooling system changed to

grading schools, children of the same age were presumed to perform equally. However, performance assessment was adopted in 1912, and the ratings exposed the differences in the skills

of children within grade levels. Thus bringing out the importance of understanding why the learning

abilities of every child were different and each of them had their own special way and pace of

learning and understanding things. Hence differentiated instruction arose.


Differenced Instruction has to be incorporated in the classroom considering the 4 important aspects-

1. Content

2. Process

3. Product

4. Learning environment


Differentiated Instruction by Bessy B Joseph


It is also known as differentiated assessment or differentiated learning. Every classroom has students from all diverse group, ability, talents etc. Every student have their own uniqueness. Differentiated instruction helps to cater to the needs of all students on one topic. It allows the students to show what they know in different ways. It can be done in 4 different ways: differentiated content, differentiated environment, differentiated process, differentiated product.

Differentiated Instruction by Vivian Richards S

Differentiated Instruction is nothing but designing the instruction to cater to the learning needs of the individuals. We know that not all students in the class will be of the same calibre. Therefore, a teacher should teach them differently with regard to the content, the process, the products, the assessments, grouping or the learning environment. In short, the teacher needs to organize the level of the content and provide a variety of learning environments and conduct assessments in different ways, wherein students can showcase what they have learned.

        The following can be some of the ways whereby differentiated instruction can be implemented in the schools. The teacher can play the lessons and ask the students to listen/watch and so the use of audio and visual aids is one of the fundamental ways of differentiated instruction. Also, the teacher can group the students according to their learning levels or styles and using reading buddies. The students should be provided interest centres, that enables them to explore their lessons. One more effective way is to help the students to make the task list for the completion and varying length of time according to the learners’ abilities should be permitted. Moreover, allowing the students to express their learnings in their own ways like puppet show, letter writing, mural with labels; so on and so forth. Subsequently, this will enable the students to create their own product assignments so far as the assignments contain the expected elements. Above all, providing materials, which reflect varied culture and home setting is very important and setting out clear guidelines for independent work that matches individual needs and appreciating/encouraging them to learn as they would like to learn the lessons.


Differentiated Instruction by Anjana Sabu


As class sizes grow exponentially, teachers face the daunting task of teaching all levels of students in a single class. Teachers must be able to stimulate and engage intellectually gifted students, while simultaneously scaffolding curriculum to support lower level learners. Just as everyone has a unique fingerprint, every student has an individual learning style too. Not all of the students grasp a subject in the same way or share the same level of ability. Differentiated instruction helps the teacher to excite the brilliant student to uncover deeper layers of learning, while simultaneously structuring curriculum to support lower level students or students with learning disabilities- both identified and unidentified.


Why Teach English : Different Perspectives of Pre Service Teachers

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